Referent power derives mainly from:

Referent power is fundamentally rooted in the personal relationships one has with others and the influence that these relationships can exert. This type of power is often characterized by the respect and admiration a person commands from others, which encourages them to follow or support that individual. It stems from their charisma, personality, or the positive connections they have cultivated within an organization or community.

In healthcare administration, for instance, a leader who is viewed as approachable, trustworthy, and empathetic can inspire team members not just due to their formal authority, but because of the genuine respect and admiration they have earned over time. This quality fosters a cooperative environment where individuals are motivated to work together and support common goals, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the organization.

The other options refer to different forms of power: formal job titles and roles signify legitimate power, incentives and rewards highlight transactional leadership, while threats of punishment pertain to coercive power. Each of these can influence behavior, but they do not depend on personal relationships or the personal integrity that is central to referent power.